DIY electrical circuits for the home. What kind of electronic homemade products can you make with your own hands? Spot welding machine

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Making electronic homemade products with your own hands gained popularity back in the last century, when semiconductor devices. With their help, it was quite easy to assemble devices needed for everyday life from old equipment. Today, repair and assembly of equipment for the home or cottage, for a car or garage can also be solved at home.

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Homemade devices for home and garden

Electrical homemade products for home and garden that use the power of electricity can be made by every electrician. Most devices are created using factory components and require only school knowledge of electricity.

Electric kebab maker

The electric kebab maker can be either horizontal or vertical. Stores usually sell vertical ones, and they do their job well after some modification.

To create a horizontal barbecue grill you will need a heating element and a frame resembling a barbecue. The heating element can be made from a ceramic tube and a nichrome spiral wound around it. The tube is secured through an insulating material in a metal casing. Drawings will be required to assemble the case.

Barbecue grill

An equally interesting idea is a kebab grill with an electric drive for rotating skewers. By adding an electric motor to a regular grill, you can get an excellent device that will cook barbecue in autonomous mode. To organize the skewer drive, you can use a motor from the wipers, from washing machine or any other 12 Volt. Using a system of pulleys and a belt or gear drive, the rotation of the shaft is transmitted to the skewers, and the meat is slowly turned over the coals.

Homemade WI-FI antenna

This antenna will improve the reception quality and Wi-Fi speed in your home. According to reviews, after connecting it, the signal level rises from 5 to 27 Mbit.

For production you need:

a small metal sieve or colander;
Wi-Fi adapter (USB);
USB cable;
drill;
epoxy resin;
camera tripod;
plastic clamps.

Manufacturing process:

We drill a small hole (14 mm) in the center of the sieve and insert a metal pin into it to secure the adapter.
We insert the connector from the USB cable into the prepared hole and secure it with epoxy resin. The USB connector after gluing must be strictly perpendicular to the plane of the sieve, then the device will work more efficiently.
Then, using two zip ties, “ears” are made through which the cable is attached.
We fix the product on a camera tripod. We drill a hole with a diameter of 12 mm in the antenna and tighten it with a nut.

Required materials Insert the pin into the drilled hole Glue the USB cable Securing the cable Tripod Installing the antenna using a tripod

Electrical homemade products for the garage

Let's look at several useful DIY projects for the garage.

Homemade chandelier

If you have poor lighting in your garage, then a makeshift chandelier will be very useful. To make a bifurcating chuck, you will need a pair of angular chucks, which are sold at a regular hardware store.

Sequence of actions:

We remove the wires from the sockets and fasten them with a plastic tie. We get a socket for two lamps. All that remains is to connect them to the electrical network.
To do this we use the base from fluorescent lamp. Carefully break out the lamp, then solder the wires from our design to the contacts of the base.
We insulate them well and attach the base on top of the cartridges.

The use of ordinary light bulbs in this design is undesirable - the sockets may melt from heating.

LED device

Another lighting option could be a homemade LED lighting device.

To make it you will need:

old fluorescent lamp;
LED strip;
connecting wires.

The manufacturing sequence is as follows:

An LED strip is glued to the lamp body in one or several rows.
The connecting wires are connected and brought to the lamp switch.
The assembled device is tested.

Spot welding machine

A necessary device in the garage will be a homemade spot welding machine, the basis of which is a transformer from an old microwave oven. A necessary condition is that the transformer must be working in order not to rewind all the windings.

The process of assembling the welder is quite simple:

The transformer is dismantled.
Carefully remove the secondary winding.
Two shunts are removed.
A secondary winding of two or three turns is made of thick wire (with a diameter of at least 10 mm).
Electrodes for resistance welding are made from a copper rod with a diameter larger than the wires.

Homemade spot welding tool

Useful DIY items for fishing

Among the homemade products you can find many interesting ideas for use in camping conditions, as well as hunting and fishing.

Electronic alarm

An example would be an electronic signaling device for fishing with a regular fishing rod or other equipment. A simple biting device can be assembled in just half an hour. For it you will need an old beeper keychain and a strip of plastic 1-2 mm thick.

Alarm assembly:

The keychain is attached to the rod.
A strip of plastic is glued to the fishing line and inserted between the contacts of the key fob.

Now when the fish bites, the fish will pull the line, the plastic will fly out, the contacts will close and the key fob will work.

Underwater camera for ice fishing

Using a homemade underwater camera for winter fishing, you can see if there is fish under the hole. And this simplifies the fishing process.

To make it you will need:

small camera;
sealed camera box;
small TV;
car battery to power the camera;
extension;
inverter;
lead for cargo;
ultraviolet diodes for illumination during underwater shooting;
superglue, electrical tape, sealant.

Build process:

Two holes are made in the upper part of the box. An extension cable is inserted through one. Through the second is the wire that connects the camera to the TV.
Several more holes are made in the box into which light bulbs are inserted for illumination. The wires from the light bulbs are soldered into one circuit (for example, with a parallel arrangement), which is connected to a cable that provides power.
The holes are sealed with glue and tape for a tight seal.
Melt the lead and pour out small elongated bars from it. They are placed at the bottom of the box.
Set up the camera and connect it to the cable. After which it is carefully placed in the box so that it has a clear forward and horizontal direction and transmits a high-quality image. For stability, the chamber is surrounded by soft material.
A torso (rope, belt) is attached to the box, which will be used to lower the camera to depth. For convenience, you can combine it, the power cable and the communication wire between the video camera and the TV into one core, secured with electrical tape.
Connect the power cable of the video camera to the battery and test the device.

Homemade fish bait

You can make a good bait for fishing yourself. This will be a device assembled based on a simple multivibrator.

You will need:

sound emitter, for example, from a children's toy;
wires;
a small plastic jar, for example, for medicinal tablets;
electronic board;
regulator with plastic rod;
a piece of foam;
batteries;
weights for the float;
volume control.

The bait is assembled as follows:

You need to solder the circuit and check it.
Two wires are soldered to the sound emitter. Then they are carried inside the case and connected to the board.
A regulator with a plastic rod is placed in the lid of the jar.
A dense circle cut out of foam plastic is installed on top of the board, which separates the board from the battery.
Weights are attached to the bottom of the jar so that the container floats on the water like a float.
The regulator sets the frequency and changes the sound.

Bait scheme - 1 Bait scheme - 2

Electronic homemade products for cars

Car enthusiasts create homemade products with their own hands to improve appearance and ease of use of the car.

Electrical auto tester

A simple homemade electrical probe is perfect for a car. It can show the presence in electrical circuit voltage of 12 volts. It is used to check the serviceability of relays, as well as light bulbs and other equipment. You can make such a device from a syringe and LEDs.

Assembly diagram:

Two LEDs are soldered with opposite terminals (plus one to the minus of the other and vice versa).
A steel probe is connected to one of the solders through a resistance of 300 Ohms. To the other solder there is a contact for batteries.
The design is inserted into the syringe so that the probe comes out of the hole for the needles. Most of the probe is insulated with a PVC pipe.
4 LR44 batteries are inserted into the syringe so that one of the poles is connected to the LED contact.
The other pole of the batteries is connected to a flexible wire with an alligator clip.

The video explains how to make a syringe tester. Filmed by ILYANOV channel.

Light switch

The scheme for smoothly turning off the lights in the car interior is quite simple to make. Such electronics are suitable for any car. A small board consisting of a capacitor and diodes is soldered parallel to the interior lamp terminals. The drop in electricity voltage will occur gradually and create the effect of gradually fading light.

Car subwoofer

To make a car subwoofer with your own hands, you must first purchase a speaker. You need to start from its dimensions when calculating the size of the case.

The simplest and most suitable form of a subwoofer for the trunk is a truncated pyramid with a slope similar to that of the rear seats.

LED fog lights

You can make LED car fog lights with your own hands.

For creativity you will need:

two ten-watt LEDs;
2 lenses from an old projector;
gaskets from plastic pipes;
LM317T microcircuits;
resistors.

Instructions for assembling the craft:

LEDs are installed on pre-prepared aluminum radiators.
The structure is assembled from headlight housings, lenses from projectors, gaskets and diodes on radiators.
The fog lights are powered through current stabilizers on LM317T microcircuits and resistors.

Car carrying

A very convenient car carrier is made from a computer USB lamp. It is compact and you can connect the device to any place in the car wiring.

Manufacturing scheme:

Remove the contacts from the USB plug.
In the plug body we connect the wires of the lamp and the car alligator clips.
To mount it in the right place (even horizontally), a magnet is placed on the plug.

One of the common hobbies of amateurs and professionals in the field of electronics is the design and manufacture of various homemade products for the home. Electronic homemade products do not require large material and financial costs and can be done at home, since work with electronics is, for the most part, “clean”. The only exception is the manufacture of various body parts and other mechanical components.

Useful electronic homemade products can be used in all areas of everyday life, from the kitchen to the garage, where many are engaged in improving and repairing car electronic devices.

Homemade products in the kitchen

Kitchen electronics crafts can be a complement to existing accessories and fixtures. Industrial and homemade electric kebab makers are very popular among apartment residents.

Another common example of kitchen homemade products made by a home electrician is timers and automatic switching on of lights above work surfaces, and electric ignition of gas burners.

Important! Changing the design of some household appliances, especially gas appliances, may cause “misunderstanding and rejection” by regulatory organizations. In addition, it requires great care and attention.

Electronics in the car

Homemade devices for cars are most widely used among owners of domestic brands of vehicles, which are distinguished by a minimum number of additional functions. The following schemes are in wide demand:

Sound indicators for turns and handbrake;
Operating mode indicator battery and a generator.

More experienced radio amateurs are equipping their cars with parking sensors, electronic window drives, and automatic light sensors to control low beam headlights.

Homemade crafts for beginners

Most novice radio amateurs are engaged in the manufacture of structures that do not require high qualifications. Simple proven designs can serve for a long time and not only for the sake of benefit, but also as a reminder of the technical “growing up” from a beginner radio amateur to a professional.

For inexperienced amateurs, many manufacturers produce ready-made kits for design, which contain a printed circuit board and a set of elements. Such sets allow you to practice the following skills:

Reading schematic and wiring diagrams;
Correct soldering;
Setup and adjustment using a ready-made method.

Electronic watches are very common among sets various options execution and degree of complexity.

As an area of application of knowledge and experience, radio amateurs can design electronic toys using simpler circuits or modifying industrial designs to suit their wishes and capabilities.

Interesting ideas for crafts can be seen in the examples of making radio-electronic crafts from worn-out computer parts.

Home workshop

To independently design radio-electronic devices, you need a certain minimum of tools, devices and measuring instruments:

Soldering iron;
Side cutters;
Tweezers;
Screwdriver set;
Pliers;
Multifunctional tester (avometer).

Just a note. When planning to do electronics yourself, you should not immediately take on complex designs and purchase an expensive tool.

Most radio amateurs began their journey by using a simple 220V 25-40W soldering iron, and the most popular Soviet tester, the Ts-20, was used in the home laboratory. All this is enough for practicing with electricity, acquiring the necessary skills and experience.

There is no point in buying an expensive soldering station for a novice radio amateur if he does not have the necessary experience with a conventional soldering iron. Moreover, the possibility of using the station will not appear soon, but only after sometimes quite a long time.

There is also no need for professional measuring equipment. The only serious device that even a novice amateur may need is an oscilloscope. For those who already understand electronics, an oscilloscope is one of the most sought-after measurement tools.

Inexpensive digital devices made in China can be successfully used as an avometer. Having rich functionality, they have high measurement accuracy, ease of use and, importantly, have a built-in module for measuring transistor parameters.

When talking about a DIY home workshop, one cannot fail to mention the materials used for soldering. This is solder and flux. The most common solder is POS-60 alloy, which has a low melting point and provides high soldering reliability. Most solders used for soldering all kinds of devices are analogues of the mentioned alloy and can be successfully replaced with it.

Ordinary rosin is used as a flux for soldering, but for ease of use it is better to use its solution in ethyl alcohol. Rosin-based fluxes do not require removal from installation after use, since they are chemically neutral under most operating conditions, and the thin film of rosin formed after evaporation of the solvent (alcohol) exhibits good protective properties.

Important! When soldering electronic components, active fluxes should never be used. This is especially true for soldering acid (zinc chloride solution), since even under normal conditions such flux has a destructive effect on thin copper printed conductors.

To service heavily oxidized terminals, it is better to use active acid-free flux LTI-120, which does not require rinsing.

It is very convenient to work using solder that contains flux. The solder is made in the form of a thin tube, inside of which there is rosin.

For mounting elements, breadboards made of double-sided foil fiberglass, which are produced in a wide range, are well suited.

Security measures

Working with electricity is associated with risks to health and even life, especially if the electronics are designed with your own hands with mains power. Homemade electrical devices should not use transformerless power from a household AC network. As a last resort, such devices should be configured by connecting them to the network through an isolation transformer with a transformation ratio equal to unity. The voltage at its output will correspond to the network voltage, but at the same time reliable galvanic isolation will be ensured.

Schemes of homemade measuring instruments

A device circuit developed on the basis of a classic multivibrator, but instead of load resistors, transistors with opposite main conductivity are included in the collector circuits of the multivibrator.

It's good if you have an oscilloscope in your laboratory. Well, if it is not there and it is not possible to buy it for one reason or another, do not be upset. In most cases, it can be successfully replaced by a logic probe that allows you to check logical levels signals at the inputs and outputs of digital integrated circuits, determine the presence of pulses in the controlled circuit and reflect the received information in visual (light-color or digital) or audio (tone signals of various frequencies) forms. When setting up and repairing structures based on digital integrated circuits, it is not always so necessary to know the characteristics of pulses or the exact values of voltage levels. Therefore, logic probes make the setup process easier, even if you have an oscilloscope.

A huge selection of different pulse generator circuits is presented. Some of them generate a single pulse at the output, the duration of which does not depend on the duration of the triggering (input) pulse. Such generators are used for a wide variety of purposes: simulating input signals of digital devices, when testing the performance of digital integrated circuits, the need to supply a certain number of pulses to a device with visual control of processes, etc. Others generate sawtooth and rectangular pulses of various frequencies and duty cycles and amplitudes

Repair of various components and devices of low-frequency electronic equipment and technology can be significantly simplified if you use a function generator as an assistant, which makes it possible to study the amplitude-frequency characteristics of any low-frequency device, transient processes and nonlinear characteristics of any analog devices, and also has the ability to generate rectangular pulses forms and simplification of the process of setting up digital circuits.

When setting up digital devices, you definitely need one more device - a pulse generator. An industrial generator is a rather expensive device and is rarely on sale, but its analogue, although not as accurate and stable, can be assembled from available radio elements at home

However, creating a sound generator that produces a sinusoidal signal is not easy and quite painstaking, especially in terms of setup. The fact is that any generator contains at least two elements: an amplifier and a frequency-dependent circuit that determines the oscillation frequency. It is usually connected between the output and input of the amplifier, creating a positive feedback(POS). In the case of an RF generator, everything is simple - just an amplifier with one transistor and an oscillating circuit that determines the frequency. For the audio frequency range, it is difficult to wind a coil, and its quality factor is low. Therefore, in the audio frequency range, RC elements are used - resistors and capacitors. They filter the fundamental harmonics quite poorly, and therefore the sine wave signal turns out to be distorted, for example, limited by peaks. To eliminate distortion, amplitude stabilization circuits are used to maintain a low level of the generated signal when the distortion is not yet noticeable. It is the creation of a good stabilizing circuit that does not distort the sinusoidal signal that causes the main difficulties.

Often, after assembling the structure, the radio amateur sees that the device does not work. A person does not have sense organs that allow him to see electric current, electromagnetic field or processes occurring in electronic circuits. Radio measuring instruments - the eyes and ears of a radio amateur - help to do this.

Therefore, we need some means of testing and checking telephones and loudspeakers, audio amplifiers, and various sound recording and sound reproducing devices. Such a tool is amateur radio circuits of audio frequency signal generators, or, more simply, sound generator. Traditionally, it produces a continuous sine wave whose frequency and amplitude can be varied. This allows you to check all ULF stages, find faults, determine the gain, take amplitude-frequency characteristics (AFC) and much more.

We consider a simple homemade amateur radio attachment that turns your multimeter into a universal device for testing zener diodes and dinistors. PCB drawings available

Beginner radio amateurs who are interested in self-assembly circuits and repair of various electronic devices, get lost in a sea of numerous terms and details. Meanwhile, you can give a number of tips on what knowledge is needed in the first place, what instruments to use, how to navigate when choosing circuit elements.

Required knowledge

It is very important for radio amateurs:

know and understand the basic laws of electrical engineering;
be able to navigate using diagrams;
clearly define the role of each element in the diagram and visually represent what it looks like.

Important! Theoretical knowledge must be constantly supported by practice.

Tools and devices

To assemble amateur radio circuits and homemade structures, you must have the following tools:

A soldering iron, the power of which should be chosen average - no more than 40 W. More advanced craftsmen are thinking about purchasing a soldering station;
Side cutters. Not too massive a tool for working with radio devices;

Tin-lead solder exists in the form of wire.

Important! Among all the devices, the main, and often the only, is a digital multimeter or analog tester, with which you can measure all the main parameters of the circuit.

Before you start assembling simple and interesting DIY radio circuits, you can practice dismantling old radio equipment. At the same time, practical skills in soldering work are formed.

In ancient TVs with lamps, a completely suitable thing is a supply transformer. It can be used in many homemade radios. For example, assemble a charger for a car battery or a power supply for an audio amplifier. The main thing is to know its technical data;
In obsolete radio electronics devices: television equipment, video recorders, ordinary tape recorders, there are entire microcircuits ready for use. For example, we can name an audio amplifier, the circuit of which is constructed by simply assembling components, without etching on printed circuit boards ah, etc.;
The tone control is also used ready-made. At the same time, the assembled audio amplifier will receive new options: the ability to control the low-frequency and high-frequency ranges, change the balance in stereo speakers;
Basically, all devices manufactured by radio amateurs operate on five-, nine- and twelve-volt power supplies. Such power supplies from old equipment will be the most useful.

You can use any available designs as housings for circuits or buy ready-made ones of different sizes and shapes. Housings from non-working devices are often used for new homemade radios.

A non-working power supply from a computer is very valuable, where does it come from:

a lot of radio components: transistors, capacitors, diodes, resistances, which are useful for assembled devices;
cooling radiators are an important accompanying element for high-power transistors;
good wires;
the building itself is an excellent place to place new structures.

Circuit assembly methods

Wall-mounted installation. Simple soldering of components in accordance with the developed circuit. Soldered assemblies can be installed on supporting platforms. The method is suitable for constructing radio circuits from a small number of parts;
Installation on a printed circuit board - a textolite platform on which foil tracks are made as connecting conductors.

The second method is divided into several options:

Mechanical. Cutting paths with a sharp object to eliminate contact connections in unnecessary places;
Chemical. Using varnish or paint, you need to draw the required diagram on the foil. Then immerse in a special composition - a solution of ferric chloride. After processing, a pattern corresponding to the design will be obtained, and all areas without varnish will be removed by dissolution;
Laser ironing.

What schemes should I start with?

The classic start for radio amateurs is to make a simple detector receiver. The circuit contains a small number of components and can be assembled by anyone. Then you can supplement the device with an audio amplifier using transistors. With the arrival of experience and understanding, work with microcircuits begins.

A large number of interesting and very simple options homemade radios with descriptions of parts and diagrams are available on the RadioKot website. You can, for example, assemble color music, pulsed clock illumination, a stereo transmitter and much more. There are also useful forums where you can clarify complex issues and communicate with experienced professionals.

As you gain skills, your interest in assembling complex devices will increase. Radio-electronic homemade products are one of the most exciting activities for people of all ages.

Video

Every day there are more and more, many new articles appear, it is quite difficult for new visitors to immediately find their bearings and review at once everything that has already been written and previously posted.

I would really like to draw the attention of all visitors to individual articles that were posted on the site earlier. In order to avoid having to search for the necessary information for a long time, I will make several “entrance pages” with links to the most interesting and useful articles on individual topics.

Let's call the first such page "Useful electronic homemade products." Here we consider simple electronic circuits, which are available for implementation to people of any level of training. The circuits are built using a modern electronic base.

All information in the articles is presented in a very accessible form and to the extent necessary for practical work. Naturally, to implement such schemes you need to understand at least the basics of electronics.

So, a selection of the most interesting articles on the site on the topic "Useful electronic homemade products". The author of the articles is Boris Aladyshkin.

Modern electronics components greatly simplify circuit design. Even a regular twilight switch can now be assembled from just three parts.

The article describes a simple and reliable electric pump control circuit. Despite the extreme simplicity of the circuit, the device can operate in two modes: water lifting and drainage.

The article provides several diagrams of spot welding machines.

Using the described design, you can determine whether a mechanism located in another room or building is working or not. Information about the operation is the vibration of the mechanism itself.

A story about what a safety transformer is, why it is needed and how you can make it yourself.

Description of a simple device that turns off the load if the mains voltage exceeds acceptable limits.

The article discusses the circuit of a simple thermostat using an adjustable zener diode TL431.

Article on how to make a device smooth start lamps using the KR1182PM1 microcircuit.

Sometimes, when the voltage in the network is low or when soldering massive parts, it becomes simply impossible to use a soldering iron. This is where a boost power regulator for a soldering iron can come to the rescue.

An article about how you can replace a mechanical thermostat for an oil heating radiator.

Description of a simple and reliable thermostat circuit for a heating system.

The article describes a converter circuit made on a modern element base, containing a minimum number of parts and allowing to obtain significant power in the load.

Article about in various ways connecting the load to the control unit on microcircuits using relays and thyristors.

Description of a simple control circuit for LED garlands.

The design of a simple timer that allows you to turn the load on and off via specified intervals time. Working time and pause time do not depend on each other.

Description of the circuit and operating principle of a simple emergency lamp based on an energy-saving lamp.

A detailed story about the popular “laser-ironing” technology for manufacturing printed circuit boards, its features and nuances.