Which USB contacts are used for charging? USB pinout by color

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One of the most common methods of connecting peripheral devices to a computer or laptop is the use of a USB connector. Such a connection has significant advantages compared to outdated analogues, and the simplicity of its pinout allows even beginners to do it manually.

What is USB?

This format connection began to be widely used relatively recently, although it was developed in the 90s. The reason for this delay was the presence of numerous analogues that surpassed a similar connection standard in data transfer speed, as well as in a number of other parameters.

To date, this connection is a special serial bus, the wide range of applications of which makes it truly universal. This format has successfully replaced many other connection options used previously. These include serial and parallel ports, Gameport, and PS/2.

Its difference is the ability to use one connection for a number of third-party devices. Among them are:

One of the key advantages of this format over analogues is the ability to use the connected device after a short period of time, without the need to restart the PC or laptop. In addition, it can be used to power or charge the device. When using it, there is no need to install drivers manually, which significantly simplifies preparing the gadget for use.

How does the connection work?

Considering connecting any device to a computer performed using a USB cable, there are several stages of work. First, the hub receives a high level through the data line, which signals that connected equipment has been detected.

Then, in connection operation it is permissible highlight several stages:

The hub informs the PC that a new device is connected;
The PC queries the hub regarding the port used for connection;
The PC activates the port in use and performs a bus reset;
The hub sends a reset signal, the duration of which is 10 ms.

At the output, the current intended for power supply reaches 100 mA, after which the device is completely ready for use. Likewise, any device connected via USB quickly becomes usable, without reboots or significant waits.

Types of USB

Among all existing USB connections, there are three main versions. USB 1.1 was designed to work with slow devices whose data transfer speed was about 1.5 MB/s. For a high-speed connection, using such a format was impractical, since there were many more productive analogues, for example, FireWire.

In 2000 it was published new version- USB 2.0, which was distinguished by its ability to work with high-speed devices, as well as general compatibility with slower analogues, due to which it became widespread. USB 2.0 pinout is carried out according to a standard algorithm.

The third generation of USB was developed in 2008, but mass use began only in 2010. The main difference was that 9 wires were used for pinout, instead of the standard four, which allowed the interface to become 10 times faster. At the same time, four wires are still used for data transmission, and the interface itself remains compatible with the previous 2.0 generation. USB 3.0 pinout is similar to version 2.0.

Connector pinout

Standard connector has four contacts, which differ in the color of the wires that need to be connected to them. Any of the connection options will power the device. Among the wires involved in the plug:

+5 volts - red;
-data – white;
+data - green;
General - black.

If you position the connector in relation to you, and the characteristic USB sign is at the top, then they will be located in the reverse order, starting with black from left to right. If you need to pinout mini- usb or micro-usb connectors, then there will be five contacts at once (two common wires - black and purple). The second common wire is connected before the last one, black.

If you use a Mini-AF type of plug, then positioning it with the connector narrowing upward, you should solder the contacts from left to right, starting with the black common wire. USB Mini-AM assumes the opposite pinout option, starting with the red wire.

Mini-BF is positioned with a narrowing upward and soldered according to the Mini - AF principle, and in the case of Mini-BM, it uses the Mini-Am pinout method. Most often, AF connectors are used as charging for Samsung tablets.

Micro-USB wiring also has a similar pattern: for Micro-AF and Micro-BF, the contacts are connected starting with the +5 volt wire (red), and Micro-AM and Micro-BM (used in devices Samsung Galaxy as charging) are soldered in the reverse order, starting with the black common wire. When performing work, it is strongly recommended to use illustrations in order to eliminate accidental errors.

The initial development of USB connectors was carried out back in 1994 by American engineer Ajay Bhatt, as well as a whole team of qualified specialists computer companies, such as Intel, Microsoft, Apple, Hewlett-Packard and many others.

The developers intended to ensure that the end result was an extremely universal port that could be used for most modern devices, when, after connecting certain equipment to the computer, it either started working instantly, or immediately after the user installed the appropriate drivers. The pinout of micro-USB and a standard connector made it possible to completely replace the COM and LPT ports that were common at that time, while providing information transfer speeds of more than 115 kbit/s. In addition, the port was parallel so that it was possible to connect several sources to it, as well as use a “hot” connection that did not require rebooting or turning off the PC.

First launch

The first non-industrial sample of the port, which had a code index of 1.0c and a data transmission speed of no more than 12 Mbit/s, was released in 1995-1996. In mid-1998, the final modification was already carried out using automatic speed maintenance, ensuring a stable connection, as a result of which the port functioned normally at a speed of 1.5 Mbit/s. In a subsequent modification, a new USB 1.1 was released. Micro-USB pinouts were not yet provided for, and in general the devices were not yet so actively used, despite the fact that they had been actively produced since mid-1997 motherboards, as well as a variety of devices that had this connector.

Modifications

In 2000, the first USB 2.0 was released, which was capable of supporting speeds of up to 480 Mbit/s. The main principle of this development was that the device could connect to the port of older devices that were based on USB 1.1. At the same time, the first 8 MB flash drive appeared, which was intended for this port. In 2008, development moved even further, USB 3.0 was already released, the data transfer speed of which was already supported at a level of up to 4.8 Gbit/s.

Pinout

Micro-USB pinout is quite popular today. Most likely, you have already encountered such a problem when you simply don’t have what you need. at the moment USB adapter at hand. Situations can be very different - the device is broken, lost, is not on sale, its length is not enough, and a number of others. Knowing the technology of how micro-USB pinout is carried out, you can solve this problem completely on your own.

If you know how to pinout and also have the skill to work with a soldering iron, then you will not have any problems with the USB connectors that exist today. At the moment, these are the most common connectors in modern digital technology, that is, today not only one mobile phone the latest generation, but not a single gadget.

It’s worth noting right away that, in addition to the most common ones, there is also one more additional type of USB. You just have to remember what an adapter from a scanner or computer looks like, because with the naked eye you can tell that the connectors on such an adapter are different.

The connector that will connect to the computer is active and is generally designated by the letter A. The same connector that will be connected to the scanner is a passive device and is designated by the letter B.

USB 2.0

IN in this case There are several types of wires with different connection types:

+5I (red wire), intended for power supply. The maximum supply current in this case does not exceed 500 mA.
D- (white wire) Data -.
D- (green wire) Data +.
GND (black) - represents the common wire, which is originally intended for ground.

MicroUSB

This connector is by far the most common when you need to connect a smartphone or tablet. They are an order of magnitude smaller in size compared to traditional USB interfaces that are popular today, which makes pinout of micro-USB on a tablet somewhat more difficult. Another feature that distinguishes this connector is that it has five different contacts.

The markings of such connectors are:

Micro-AM (BM) - male.
Micro-AF (BF) - female.

Features of micro-USB

It is worth noting that the peculiarity of the pinout of the micro-USB connector affects not only the size of this device, but also that there is additional contact in it.

Red wire - VBUS.
White wire D- (Data -).
Green wire D+ (Data +).
ID - it is not used in passive connectors of format B. If we are talking about active type A connectors, then in this case it is connected to ground to support the OTG function.
The black wire is ground (GND).

Separately, it should be said that almost always the pinout of a micro-USB connector also includes a Shield wire, which does not use insulation. In this case, it plays the role of a screen, but it is not marked in any way, and also does not differ in any individual number.

One more concept is also worth noting. Most likely, each person roughly understands what an extension cord is, and at the same time understands that different connectors are used there. As with all other types of connectors, USB also provides for the concept of male-female, where male is a plug and female is a socket.

How is desoldering done?

There are two options for how the micro-USB connector is soldered. Pinout can be done simply directly in front of the mirror, when a connector is placed in front of it. However, you must understand that you can simply make a mistake or end up soldering something that is far from what was needed. The second option is to simply mentally flip the connector.

There is also another way that micro USB pinouts can be done for charging or anything else. This method is more relevant if you do not have the opportunity to use a collapsible USB connector, which is not so common, but is still found on sale today in various establishments. Do you have USB cable- miniUSB, from which you need to make a USB - microUSB cable. In this case, you have a cable of the latter type, but at the other end it is not a standard USB at all. In this situation, the most optimal solution It will be easy to solder the required cable, connecting various wires together, and it is often that users carry out pinouts for micro-USB. Samsung devices often do not have the required connector, so in this case this technology is also relevant.

How to connect?

The original cable is taken, after which the miniUSB connector is cut off from it. The cut end is completely freed from the shield while the remaining four wires are stripped and tinned. Now we take a cable with a microUSB connector, after which we also cut off the excess from it and carry out the same procedure. Now all that remains is to simply solder the wires together, and then insulate each connection separately. Next, you can simply use some kind of insulation (for example, foil), and wrap the previously insulated connections all together. The resulting screen is wrapped on top with electrical tape or tape so that it does not fly off later.

The main thing to remember: before you carry out such an unusual pinout of the micro-USB cable, you should not forget about pinout the active and passive connectors. It is for this reason that it is recommended to initially determine which specific pinout is used on your cable.

For charging

Any standard charging that is based on the use of USB involves the use of only two wires - +5V, as well as a common contact. That is why, if you need to solder the first and fifth pins, and the most important thing in this case, when applying voltage, is to do everything in accordance with the polarity of your equipment.

The most important thing: regardless of what exactly you are pinouting the USB connector for, everything must be done extremely carefully and with knowledge of technology. Always try to anticipate various errors in advance and carry out each action measuredly, because if some connectors are connected incorrectly or you solder something incorrectly, there is a possibility that the cable will not be able to work normally and be used for connecting multiple devices.

USB cables have different physical ends. It depends on what device it is connected to. There are connections to the device itself and to the host. Moreover, USB can be with or without a cable. Another option is possible: the cable is built into the device itself. The cable is necessary to form an interface between the device and the host.

But after some time, the developers of such a computer interface as USB still had low speed in order to use external hard drives and other devices whose speed was much greater. Therefore, the creators of USB had to change the device so that it turned out new model. Now the speed of the third type of USB has become ten times faster. Of course, this also affected charging.

General information about USB

The USB cable consists of four conductors made of copper. These are two conductors intended for power supply, and the remaining conductors are in a twisted pair. This kit also includes a grounded braid.

Let's now take a little look at the host. It acts as a special controller, which is programmed and controlled. Its task: to ensure the operation of the interface. By the way, the controller can most often be found in a microcircuit. A hub is required to connect the controller to other devices.

But to connect already external devices to the hub, ports are used, at the end of which there are connectors. Cables help USB devices connect to ports. The device can be powered differently: from the bus or some kind of external power source.

It only takes a few minutes to get started and you can get started. At first the signal to start work is sent to the cable hub, which further informs that the equipment is ready for operation.

But it is worth remembering one rule. Whenever you start pinouting a device, first determine what the pinout is on your cable. The USB connector helps you connect all external devices to your computer. This modern connection method replaces all those methods that were previously available. Such connector gives additional features : When operating computer equipment, any devices can be connected and immediately put into operation. It may also affect the charging operation.

USB Specification

There were the first preliminary versions of USB, which began to be released in November 1994. This went on for a year. AND after that new USB models began to come out which are still in use today.

Today we can talk about the following models:

USB 1.0. This model was released in January 1996.
USB 1.1. This specification was released in September 1998.
USB 2.0. This model was released in 2000.

Technical characteristics of each model

The first model is USB 1.0. This specification distinguishes two operating modes:

Low bandwidth.
With high throughput.

The maximum cable length allowed in this model for the first operating mode is three meters, and for the second operating mode it reaches five meters. If you want to connect several devices, you can connect up to 127 of them.

The technical characteristics of the USB 1.1 model correspond to the first one, but all the problems and errors that arose during its use have been corrected. By the way, this is the first model that gained wide popularity and spread quickly.

The third model is USB 2.0. There are three operating modes for it, where mice, a joystick, gamepads, and a keyboard can be used, as well as video devices and devices that store information.

USB cables and connectors

Currently, there have been many different changes in the computer world. For example, it has already appeared new interface with modification USB 3.0, its speed is ten times faster than the previous model. But There are other types of connectors, known as micro- and mini-USB. By the way, they can be found nowadays, for example, in tablets, phones, smartphones and in a wide variety of other computer products.

Each such bus, of course, also has its own wiring or pinout. It is necessary in order to then make an adapter at home, allowing you to switch from one type of connector to another. But this requires knowledge. For example, certain knowledge about how conductors are located. For example, you can charge any phone this way. If this work with the connectors is done incorrectly, then the device itself will be damaged.

There is a difference in the design of mini and macro devices. So, now they already have five contacts. And in USB device 2.0 there are nine contacts. Therefore, the wiring of USB connectors in this model will proceed a little differently. The same pinout of USB connectors will be in modification 3.0.

Wiring will occur according to the following scheme: first, the red conductor, which is responsible for supplying the voltage that powers the current. Then comes the white and green conductor, whose task is to transmit information. Then you should go to the black conductor, which receives the supply of zero voltage that is supplied.

In the USB 3.0 design, the wires are arranged completely differently. The first four of them are similar in their connector to the 2.0 model device. But, starting from the fifth conductor, the connectors begin to differ. The blue, fifth, posting conveys the information that has a negative value. The yellow conductor conveys positive information.

You can also pinout the device according to colors that are suitable for the connectors of all devices. The advantage of such connectors is that when using them no need to restart your computer or even try to somehow manually install all the necessary drivers.

The universal USB bus is one of the popular interfaces of a personal computer. It allows for serial connection various devices(up to 127 units). USB buses also support the function of connecting and disconnecting devices while the personal computer is running. In this case, devices can receive power directly through the mentioned element, which eliminates the need to use additional power supplies. In this article we will look at what the standard USB pinout is. This information may be useful when self-production any USB adapters or devices that receive power through the interface we are considering. In addition, we will look at what micro-USB and, of course, mini-USB pinouts are.

Description and wiring of the USB interface

Almost every PC user knows what a USB connector looks like. This is a flat four-pin Type A interface. The female USB connector is labeled AF, and the male USB connector is labeled AM. The USB Type A pinout consists of four pins. The first wire is marked red and voltage is applied to it DC+5 V. A maximum current of 500 mA can be supplied. The second contact - white - is intended for (D-). The third wire (green) is also used for data transmission (D+). The last contact is marked black and is supplied with zero supply voltage (common wire).

Type A connectors are considered active; host power supplies, etc., are connected to them). Type B connectors are considered passive; devices such as printers, scanners, etc. are connected to them. Type B connectors are square with two beveled corners. “Mom” is labeled BF, and “father” is labeled VM. The USB type B pinout has the same four pins (two at the top and two at the bottom), the purpose is identical to type A.

Wiring of micro-USB type connectors

Connectors of this type are most often used to connect tablets and smartphones. They are significantly smaller in size than a standard USB interface. Another feature is the presence of five contacts. The marking of such connectors is as follows: micro-AF(BF) - “female” and micro-AM(VM) - “male”.

Micro USB pinout:

The first contact (red) is intended to supply +5 V supply voltage;

The second and third wires (white and green) are used for data transmission;

The fourth contact (ID) in type B connectors is not used, but in type A connectors it is connected to a common wire to support the OTG function;

The last, fifth, contact (black) is supply voltage zero.

In addition to those listed, the cable may have another wire used for “shielding”; it is not assigned a number.

Mini USB pinout

Mini-USB connectors also contain five pins. These connectors are marked as follows: mini-AF (BF) - “female” and mini-AM (VM) - “male”. The pinout is identical to the micro-USB type.

Conclusion

Information about wiring for USB connectors is very relevant, since this type of interface is used in almost all mobile and desktop devices and gadgets. These connectors are used to charge built-in batteries, and for data transmission.

Content:

In our age of computer technology, smartphones and gadgets, it is difficult to find a person who does not know what USB connectors are. Also, almost everyone understands words such as mini- and micro-USB connector. After all, we use such things almost every day, which is natural. Similar connectors are located on charger, and on all peripheral devices of the computer.

But what to do if the soldering has come off at the base, and there is no way to even understand what color and what contact was soldered to? This is where knowledge should be applied, and now let’s try to figure out which ones.

Wiring of such a plug, or, in other words, pinout USB wires, in its essence, does not contain anything overly complex. Once you get the sequence and colors figured out, anyone who can hold a soldering iron can do this kind of work.

But first you need to understand what a USB plug is.

What is a USB connector?

At its core, it is a connector with many capabilities, ranging from USB power to transmitting complex information data. This cable replaced the previously used options for connecting to a computer (PS/2 ports, etc.). It is used today for all devices connected to personal computer, be it a mouse, flash drives, printer, camera or modem, joystick or keyboard - USB cables have become truly universal.

There are three types of such connectors:

1.1 - its purpose is already outdated peripheral devices with the ability to transmit information at only one and a half megabits per second. Of course, after a little modification by the manufacturer, the transmission speed rose to 12 Mbit/s, but it still couldn’t stand the competition with higher-speed options. Of course, when Apple already had a connector that supported 400 Mbit/s. Now there are also such types, but there are very few of them, since faster USB cables, mini USB, and in general, USB speed occupies a special place in human life. Everyone is in a hurry somewhere, in a hurry to live, there are people who practically do not sleep, and therefore the faster the information is downloaded, the more preferable the connector is, right?
2.0. At the end of the last century, the second generation of such connectors was released. Here the manufacturer has already tried - the transmission speed has increased to almost 500 Mbit/sec. And it was intended mainly for complicated gadgets, like a digital video camera.
3.0 - this is really high technology. The maximum data transfer rate of 5 Gbit/s provided this USB connector with demand, which practically reduced the first and second versions to zero. In the third series, the number of wires has been increased to nine versus four. However, the connector itself has not been modified, and therefore you can still use the types of the first and second series with it.

Pinout designations

When looking at the pinout diagram, you need to understand all the symbols that are present on it. Usually indicated:

Type of connector - it can be active (A) or passive (B). A connection between a printer, scanner, etc. is called passive. In general, a connector that only works to receive information. Through the active it is possible to receive and transmit data.
The shape of the connector is “mother”, that is, a socket (F), and “male” is a plug (M).
Connector sizes - regular, mini and micro.

For example, USB AM, that is, an active USB plug.

The wires should be arranged by color as follows (from left to right):

The red wire is positive, constant voltage 5V. with a maximum current of 500 milliamps.
White wire - data-
Green wire - data+
Black wire - this wire is common, ground, negative. There is no voltage on it.

But the mini and micro connector include 5 wires with this arrangement:

The wires are red, white and green - arranged similarly to the first option.
ID - this wire in connectors “B” is free. In “A” it must be connected to a black wire.

Sometimes the connector may contain a separate wire without insulation - this is the so-called “ground”, which is soldered to the body.

According to the presented diagrams, the external side is visible here. In order to solder the plug yourself, you need to take a mirror image of the picture, and as it probably became clear, the microUSB pinout is no more complicated than that of conventional USB connectors.

By the way, if the damaged parts of the cable are intended to be used only for charging mobile phones, it will be more convenient to look at the colors of the wires and solder only black and red. This connector is quite enough for a phone; it will charge it. What to do with the rest of the wires? You don't need to do anything with them.